仁

ခန်ဂျဳ: မုက်လိက် 91, ဗျဉ် 7
အဘိဓာန်ဗျဉ်ခေန်ဂျဳအဝဲဇၞော်: ဗျဉ် 349
ဒေ ဂျာဝေါန်: မုက်လိက် 193, ဗျဉ် 1
အဘိဓာန်ဗျဉ်ဟာန်ကြုက် (ဆၜိုတ်ပလေဝ်ဒါန်ဗွဲကိုပ်ကၠာ): ကၞပ် 1, မုက်လိက် 107, ဗျဉ် 1
စရၚ်ယူနဳဟာန်သွက် U+4EC1

仁 (မစှ်ေကဆံၚ်သ္ဇိုၚ်ခန်ဂျဳ 9, 人+2, 4 ခရက်စုက် , ဖပေၚ်စုတ် ခန်ဂျဳ 人一一 (OMM), ဒကဴ-ပန်သာ် 2121₀, မပံၚ်ဖျပ်စုတ် ⿰亻二)

仁	U+4EC1, 仁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC1

← 什
[U+4EC0]

လိက်ဗီုကောန်ရုပ်CJKဂမၠိုၚ်

仂 →
[U+4EC2]

ဗဵုရံၚ်ဝေါဟာ: 忈 တဏအ်။

နိဿဲ

ခန်ဂျဳ: မုက်လိက် 91, ဗျဉ် 7
အဘိဓာန်ဗျဉ်ခေန်ဂျဳအဝဲဇၞော်: ဗျဉ် 349
ဒေ ဂျာဝေါန်: မုက်လိက် 193, ဗျဉ် 1
အဘိဓာန်ဗျဉ်ဟာန်ကြုက် (ဆၜိုတ်ပလေဝ်ဒါန်ဗွဲကိုပ်ကၠာ): ကၞပ် 1, မုက်လိက် 107, ဗျဉ် 1
စရၚ်ယူနဳဟာန်သွက် U+4EC1

Chinese

ဓမ္မတာ ကဵု အခိုက်ကၞာ		仁
alternative forms		𡰥忎忈

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仁
Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Bronze inscriptions b12242 Small seal script s05656 Transcribed ancient scripts L31211 L31212 L31213 L31214 L31215 L31216 L31217 L31218 L04651 L04652 L04653 L04654 L04655
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
千
仟
芊
阡
汘
迁
杄
人
仁
朲
佞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.: phonetic 人 + semantic 二.

Etymology

From ကြုက်-တိဗိတ်-အခိုက်ကၞာ *s/k-niŋ (“heart; brain; mind”) (ထာမ်ပလိက်:zh-ref; STEDT). Cognate with Tangkhul Naga ning (“mind”), မဏဳန်ၜေါအ်ရ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ (pukning, “heart; mind”), Kinnauri [script needed] (stiŋ, “heart”), ဂရဝ် taning (“brain”), Ngochang Achang nhaiqlom (“heart”), Bisu นืงบา (nɨŋba, “heart”), ဗၟာ အနှစ် (a.hnac, “kernel”). Possibly related to တိဗိတ် ཉིང (nying, “pith, essence”) (ထာမ်ပလိက်:zh-ref).

For a parallel semantic development, compare တိဗိတ် སྙིང་རྗེ (snying rje, “compassion; kindness; mercy”), from တိဗိတ် སྙིང (snying, “heart; mind”).

Pronunciation

မာန်ဒါရေဝ်
(Standard)
(Pinyin): rén (ren²)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ

(ချေန်ဒူ၊ သာဲန်ချွေန် ဖှေန်အိန်): ren²

(ဃှဳအာမ်၊ ဂဝါန်ဂျေန် ဖှေန်အိန်): rén

(နာန်ဂျေမ်၊ နာန်ဂျေမ် ဖှေန်အိန်): rén
ကာန်ဒုန်
(ဂွာမ်ဂျို–ဟာမ်ဂေါန်, ဇုဲဖှေန်): jan⁴ / ngan⁴

(ဒုန်ကာန်၊ ဇုဲဖှေန်++): jan⁴
ဟးကာ
(Sixian, PFS): yìn

(Hailu, HRS): rhin

(Meixian, Guangdong): yin²
စေံ (ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ): reng¹
မေန်လ္ပာ်ဗၟံက် (ဗဳယူသဳ): ìng
မေန် ဖေတ်သဳယာန် (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing²
မေန်လ္ပာ်ဒိုဟ်သမၠုၚ်ကျာ
(ဟောတ်ကဳယာန်၊ ဗ.အ.စ.): lîn / jîn

(တးကြူ၊ ဖါန်အိန်): ring⁵

(လေဝ်အဳဂျို၊ Lလေဝ်အဳဂျို ဖေန်အိန်): yieng⁵
ဖှေန်ဟွာန် ဒိုဟ်သမၠုၚ်ကျာ (နာန်ဆောမ်၊ ဇုဲဖှေန်++): njan⁴
ဝူ (ဝူဂေါန်ညောန်)
- (Northern): ⁶gnin / ²gnin / ⁶zen / ²zen / ²zeen / ²zyun
- (Jinhua): ²gnin; ²zhin
သေၚ် (ချောန်သျှာ၊ ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ): ren²

မာန်ဒါရေဝ်
- (တိုၚ်ခဳကြုက်)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rén
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rén
  - Wade–Giles: jên²
  - Yale: rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ren
  - ဖာလေဝ်ဒဳယာန်: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵/
- (တိုၚ်ခဳကြုက်, ဒကုတ်ကဏ္ဍၜါ-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rénr
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rénr
  - Wade–Giles: jên²-ʼrh
  - Yale: rénr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rel
  - ဖာလေဝ်ဒဳယာန်: жэньр (žɛnʹr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐəɻ³⁵/

Note: Erhuayin for the kernel sense only.

- (ချေန်ဒူ)
  - သာဲန်ချွေန် ဖှေန်အိန်: ren²
  - ဘာသာသာဲန်ချွေန်အက္ခရ်လပ်တေန်တၟိ: rhen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /zən²¹/
- (ဃှဳအာမ်)
  - ဂဝါန်ဂျေန် ဖှေန်အိန်: rén
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐẽ²⁴/
- (နာန်ဂျေမ်)
  - နာန်ဂျေမ် ဖှေန်အိန်: rén
  - နာန်ဂျေမ် ဖှေန်အိန် (ကိုန်သၚ်္ချာ): ren²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐə̃²⁴/
ကာန်ဒုန်
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jan⁴ / ngan⁴
  - Yale: yàhn / ngàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴ / ngan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴ / ngen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹/, /ŋɐn²¹/

Note: ngan4 - alternative pronunciation for "kernel".

- (ဒုန်ကာန်၊ ဂွာမ်ဂျို)
  - ဇုဲဖှေန်++: jan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /zɐn²¹/
ဟးကာ
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: in^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin²
  - Sinological IPA: /in¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)in^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)in¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhin
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒin⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yin²
  - Sinological IPA: /in¹¹/
စေံ
- (ထာၚ်ယျာမ်)⁺
  - ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ: reng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐə̃ŋ¹¹/
မေန်လ္ပာ်ဗၟံက်
- (ဖှာယ်ဂျို)
  - ၜါန်-ဝါပ်-ကာယ်: ìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵³/
မေန် ဖေတ်သဳယာန်
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zing²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cíng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zing²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ²⁴/
မေန်လ္ပာ်ဒိုဟ်သမၠုၚ်ကျာ
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn
  - Tâi-lô: lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liin
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn
  - Tâi-lô: jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin¹³/
- (တးကြူ)
  - ဖါန်အိန်: ring⁵
  - ဖါန်-အာဝ်-ဂျဳ-like: jîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/
- (လာယ်ဂျို)
  - မေန် လာယ်ဂျို: yieng⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /zieŋ²²/
ဖှေန်ဟွာန် ဒိုဟ်သမၠုၚ်ကျာ
- (Nanning Pinghua, တေန်ဇာ)
  - ဇုဲဖှေန်++: njan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɲən²¹/
ဝူ
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gnin
  - MiniDict: nyin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Tongxiang, Haining, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ²gnin
  - MiniDict: nyin^平
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /n̠ʲiŋ³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /n̠ʲiŋ³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦn̠ʲin²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /n̠ʲin²²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /n̠ʲin²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /n̠ʲin¹¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /n̠ʲiŋ³¹³/
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen
  - MiniDict: zen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²zen
  - MiniDict: zen^平
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /zəŋ³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /zəŋ³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szən²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zən²²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /zəŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /zən²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /zən¹¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /zən³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /zen²³/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ²zeen
  - MiniDict: zen^平
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zẽ²³¹/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ²zyun
  - MiniDict: zoen^平
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zz̩ʷøŋ³¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ²gnin; ²zhin
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /n̠ʲiŋ³¹³/, /ʑiŋ³¹³/

Note:

zen - literary;
gnin - vernacular.

သေၚ်
- (ဆာန်သျှာန်)
  - ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ: ren²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən¹³/

Middle Chinese: nyin

Rime
Character	仁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如鄰切
Baxter	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*niŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*niŋ/
English	kind
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

仁

compassionate; humane
仁慈 ― réncí ― benevolent
- 子曰：「唯仁者能好人，能惡人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：“唯仁者能好人，能恶人。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐyuē: “Wéi rénzhě néng hào rén, néng wù rén.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "It is only the (truly) virtuous man, who can love, or who can hate, others."
- 無傷也，是乃仁術也，見牛未見羊也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  无伤也，是乃仁术也，见牛未见羊也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, circa 4^th century BCE
  Wúshāng yě, shì nǎi rénshù yě, jiàn niú wèi jiàn yáng yě. [Pinyin]
  'There is no harm in their saying so,' said Mencius. 'Your conduct was an artifice of benevolence. You saw the ox, and had not seen the sheep.
humaneness; benevolence; kindness
殺身成仁 / 杀身成仁 ― shāshēnchéngrén ― to die for a righteous cause
- 樊遲問仁。子曰：「愛人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  樊迟问仁。子曰：“爱人。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE
  Fán Chí wèn rén. Zǐyuē: “Àirén.” [Pinyin]
  Fan Chi asked about benevolence. The Master said, "It is to love all men."
(လိက်ပတ်) person of virtue
- 弟子入則孝，出則弟，謹而信，汎愛眾，而親仁。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  弟子入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，泛爱众，而亲仁。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Dìzǐ rù zé xiào, chū zé tì, jǐn ér xìn, fàn ài zhòng, ér qīn rén. [Pinyin]
  A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good.
kernel
白芝麻仁 ― bái zhīmá rén ― white sesame seeds

Compounds

References

ထာမ်ပလိက်:R:yue:Hanzi

Japanese

Kanji

仁

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

benevolence