မာတိကာသို့ ခုန်သွားရန်

နူ ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ
  • ခန်ဂျဳ: မုက်လိက် 85, ဗျဉ် 11
  • အဘိဓာန်ဗျဉ်ခေန်ဂျဳအဝဲဇၞော်: ဗျဉ် 226
  • ဒေ ဂျာဝေါန်: မုက်လိက် 173, ဗျဉ် 20
  • အဘိဓာန်ဗျဉ်ဟာန်ကြုက် (ဆၜိုတ်ပလေဝ်ဒါန်ဗွဲကိုပ်ကၠာ): ကၞပ် 1, မုက်လိက် 48, ဗျဉ် 6
  • စရၚ်ယူနဳဟာန်သွက် U+4E86

(မစှ်ေကဆံၚ်သ္ဇိုၚ်ခန်ဂျဳ 6, +1, 2 ခရက်စုက် , ဖပေၚ်စုတ် ခန်ဂျဳ 弓弓 (NN), ဒကဴ-ပန်သာ် 17207, မပံၚ်ဖျပ်စုတ် or )

U+4E86, 了
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E86

[U+4E85]
လိက်ဗီုကောန်ရုပ်CJKဂမၠိုၚ်
[U+4E87]
U+F9BA, 了
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9BA

[U+F9B9]
စှ်ေဗီုပြၚ်CJKအာဲဒဳအဝ်ဂရာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်
[U+F9BB]
ဗဵုရံၚ်ဝေါဟာ: ကဵု 𠄏 တဏအ်။


  • ခန်ဂျဳ: မုက်လိက် 85, ဗျဉ် 11
  • အဘိဓာန်ဗျဉ်ခေန်ဂျဳအဝဲဇၞော်: ဗျဉ် 226
  • ဒေ ဂျာဝေါန်: မုက်လိက် 173, ဗျဉ် 20
  • အဘိဓာန်ဗျဉ်ဟာန်ကြုက် (ဆၜိုတ်ပလေဝ်ဒါန်ဗွဲကိုပ်ကၠာ): ကၞပ် 1, မုက်လိက် 48, ဗျဉ် 6
  • စရၚ်ယူနဳဟာန်သွက် U+4E86
အခိုက်ကၞာ /
ဓမ္မတာ
alternative forms Internet
瞭 – sense “clear”
Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

According to the Shuowen Jiezi, a pictogram (象形) of a baby without arms. Compare with , where the arms are visible. The Shuowen defines as "the crossing of lower legs".

In the Shuowen Jiezi Zhu, a commentary to the Shuowen Jiezi, it is said that the pictogram instead depicts entangled legs (了戾).

Its relation with the meaning "to finish" is likely via sound loan, but an argument can be made about "entangled legs" → "tie"→ "finish".

Unrelated to .

Verb “to finish; to be completed” > perfective aspect particle (了₁, weakened form) > change-of-state modal particle (了₂). It eventually replaced classical .

Two kinds of particle uses of can be distinguished: the perfective aspect particle after verbs (conventionally written as 了₁) and the sentence-final modal particle (了₂). It is generally accepted (ထာမ်ပလိက်:zh-ref) that these two uses of are derived from the concrete verb “to finish”. The grammaticalisation of this verb had become common in the Tang Dynasty, initially in the form of ‹verb + (object) + perfective › to indicate the completion of an action.

The perfective particle subsequently underwent further grammaticalisation to become the sentence-final change-of-state modal particle; ထာမ်ပလိက်:zh-ref has demonstrated that this last step may have involved the coalescence of sentence-final with in certain Mandarin dialects, as the pronunciations of 了₁ and 了₂ are distinct in these dialects, with 了₂ rhyming with .

Contrary to the suggestion in ထာမ်ပလိက်:zh-ref, this word is not related to Script error: No such module "etymology/templates/cognate"., due to the non-existent correspondence between any given phonemes. သေံ แล้ว (lɛ́ɛo, to be finished; already; then, afterwards), သေံလဴ ແລ້ວ (lǣu, to finish; to be completed; perfective particle) are loans from Chinese.

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